How to Get a CDL: Complete Guide to ELDT Training Requirements
By Jack Mahana | Published 2026-08-21
Reviewed by Jack Mahana, CDL Instructor (13+ years)
Last verified: August 2026 · FMCSA-compliant content
Key Takeaways
- ELDT is federally required for all first-time Class A/B CDL applicants since February 7, 2022
- ELDT has two parts: theory (online, free at CDL Study Buddy) + behind-the-wheel (in person, registered provider)
- Total timeline: 4–8 weeks from start to CDL in hand
- Total cost: $3,100–$7,500 private school, or near $0 with company sponsorship
- You must hold a CLP for at least 14 days before the skills test
- CDL knowledge test passing score: 80% (federal standard)
- Class A = combination vehicles (tractor-trailer); Class B = single vehicles (bus, box truck, dump truck)
- Must be at least 21 for interstate driving (18 for intrastate in most states)
Getting a CDL in 2026 is a multi-step process with federal requirements. The ELDT mandate changed everything — you can't just walk into the DMV and take the test anymore. This guide walks you through every step, in order, with the exact costs and timeline. Start your free ELDT theory training while you read.
Step 1: Choose Your CDL Class
| Class | What You Can Drive | Typical Jobs |
|---|---|---|
| Class A | Combination vehicles with GCWR 26,001+ lbs (tractor-trailers, doubles, triples) | Long-haul trucking, regional delivery, tanker, flatbed |
| Class B | Single vehicles with GVWR 26,001+ lbs (straight trucks, buses, dump trucks) | Local delivery, school bus, city bus, dump truck, concrete mixer |
| Class C | Vehicles carrying 16+ passengers or hazmat, under 26,001 lbs | Small bus, shuttle, hazmat transport |
Most new drivers go for Class A — it's the most versatile and highest-paying. With a Class A, you can drive most Class B vehicles (with appropriate training). Start with the free Class A ELDT theory course.
Step 2: Complete ELDT Theory Training (Free)
ELDT theory is the first federally mandated step. You must complete it with an FMCSA-registered training provider. CDL Study Buddy is registered — your completion is auto-submitted to the FMCSA Training Provider Registry (TPR).
- Where: Online, self-paced, at CDL Study Buddy (free)
- What: 30+ units covering basic operation, safe operating procedures, advanced practices, vehicle systems, and non-driving activities
- Time: 1–2 weeks if you study 1–2 hours per day
- Passing requirement: 80% on each section quiz, unlimited retakes
- After completion: Your record is automatically sent to the FMCSA TPR — every state DMV can access it
Tip: Take free practice tests while you complete the theory course. They reinforce what you learn and prepare you for the DMV knowledge test.
Step 3: Get Your Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP)
After completing ELDT theory (or before — depends on your state), go to the DMV to get your CLP:
- Bring required documents: Proof of identity, proof of residency, Social Security card, and your ELDT completion certificate (or TPR confirmation).
- Pass the DOT medical exam: Get a DOT medical certificate from a certified medical examiner (Form MCSA-5875). Costs $50–$150. Valid for up to 24 months (12 months if you have certain conditions).
- Pass the General Knowledge test: 50 questions, 80% to pass. Study with our free practice tests.
- Pass endorsement knowledge tests if needed (air brakes, combination, hazmat, passenger, school bus, tanker).
- Pay the CLP fee: $10–$35 depending on your state.
- Receive your CLP: Valid for 180 days in most states. You must hold it for at least 14 days before taking the skills test.
Step 4: Complete Behind-the-Wheel Training
This is the part that costs money. Behind-the-wheel training must be done with an FMCSA-registered training provider. You have three options:
Option A: Private Truck Driving School ($3,000–$7,000)
3–6 week program. You pay upfront but have no work obligation. Most flexible option. Some schools offer financing or payment plans. Make sure the school is FMCSA-registered for ELDT.
Option B: Company-Sponsored Training ($0 upfront, 1–2 year work commitment)
Large carriers (Swift, CR England, Schneider, etc.) offer free training in exchange for a work commitment. You sign a contract to drive for them for 1–2 years. If you leave early, you repay the training cost. Good option if you have no money upfront.
Option C: Community College CDL Program ($1,500–$5,000)
Community colleges often offer CDL programs at a lower cost than private schools. Programs may be eligible for financial aid, grants, or WIOA funding. Check with your local community college.
For more details, see our guide to company-sponsored vs. private CDL training.
Step 5: Pass the CDL Skills Test
After completing behind-the-wheel training and holding your CLP for at least 14 days, you can schedule the skills test. The skills test has three parts:
- Pre-Trip Inspection: You must identify and explain the components you inspect on the vehicle. This takes 15–30 minutes. Read our full pre-trip guide.
- Basic Vehicle Control Skills: Exercises include straight-line backing, alley dock, offset backing, and parallel parking. Tests your ability to control the vehicle at low speed.
- On-Road Driving: A 30–60 minute drive on public roads. The examiner evaluates your ability to safely operate the vehicle in real traffic, including turns, lane changes, intersections, and highway driving.
Skills test fee: $30–$200 depending on state and whether you test at a state facility or a third-party tester. If you fail any section, you typically retake only that section (but may pay a retest fee).
Step 6: Receive Your CDL
After passing the skills test, the examiner gives you a completion certificate. Take it to the DMV with your current CLP, medical certificate, and required fees ($30–$100). The DMV issues your CDL — usually the same day. You're now a commercial driver.
Complete Cost Breakdown
| Item | Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ELDT Theory Training | Free | At CDL Study Buddy |
| DOT Medical Exam | $50–$150 | Valid 12–24 months |
| CLP Fee | $10–$35 | State DMV |
| Behind-the-Wheel Training | $0–$7,000 | $0 with company sponsorship; $3K–$7K private |
| Skills Test Fee | $30–$200 | State or third-party tester |
| CDL License Fee | $30–$100 | State DMV |
| Drug Test (pre-employment) | $30–$50 | Typically paid by employer |
| Total (Private School) | $3,100–$7,500 | Out of pocket |
| Total (Company-Sponsored) | $120–$535 | Just fees + medical; training is free with work commitment |
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to get a CDL?
Getting a CDL typically takes 4–8 weeks. ELDT theory can be completed in 1–2 weeks (self-paced). Getting your CLP takes a few days. Behind-the-wheel training takes 3–6 weeks at a driving school. The skills test scheduling varies by state (1–4 weeks wait).
How much does it cost to get a CDL?
ELDT theory is free at CDL Study Buddy. Behind-the-wheel training costs $3,000–$7,000 at a private school or may be free through company sponsorship. Additional costs: CLP fee ($10–$35), skills test fee ($30–$200), CDL license fee ($30–$100), DOT medical exam ($50–$150). Total: $3,100–$7,500 for private training, or near $0 with company sponsorship.
Do I need ELDT training to get a CDL?
Yes. Since February 7, 2022, all first-time Class A and Class B CDL applicants must complete ELDT from an FMCSA-registered provider. This includes both theory training (online) and behind-the-wheel training (in person). Endorsement-only applicants (H, P, S) need theory only.
Can I get a CDL without going to truck driving school?
You can complete ELDT theory online for free, but behind-the-wheel training must be done with an FMCSA-registered provider. Company-sponsored programs cover this cost in exchange for a work commitment, reducing your out-of-pocket cost to near $0.
What is a Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP)?
A CLP allows you to practice driving a commercial vehicle while accompanied by a licensed CDL holder. You must hold the CLP for at least 14 days before the skills test. To get a CLP, pass the General Knowledge test and endorsement tests at your DMV. Valid for 180 days.
Start Your CDL Journey Today — for Free
Begin your free ELDT theory training now. No credit card, no signup. Your completion auto-registers with the FMCSA TPR.